Kelly Mayor grew up in Wyoming in a family of hunters. 鈥淢y dad and brother hunt,鈥 Mayor says. 鈥淢y husband is a hunter. His family are hunters. We usually have game meat in our freezer.鈥 Typically, the 56-year-old aesthetician has no problem with hunting.
鈥淏ut I do have a problem with trophy hunting,鈥 Mayor says鈥攖hat is, the killing of a large animal for no other reason than sport and bragging rights.
So when Mayor heard earlier this year that the state of Wyoming would hold its first grizzly bear hunt in more than four decades, the news didn鈥檛 sit right with her. She soon heard about a campaign that urged grizzly hunting opponents to apply for a hunting tag that they would never use. She applied, one of more than 7,000 people who did. And she won.
Mayor鈥檚 winning draw gave her tag number two out of ten to hunt in what the Wyoming Game and Fish Department has called 鈥渃ore areas鈥 outside of Yellowstone National Park, which is home to the vast majority of聽700 grizzlies in and around the park. Late this summer or early this fall, Mayor will get a ten-day window to head into the woods, with no other bear hunters around. Instead of a gun, however, Mayor will 鈥,鈥 as the protest campaign urges.
Killing a bear isn鈥檛 just killing one bear.
Famed wildlife photographer Tom Mangelsen also joined the protest and won tag number eight to hunt a grizzly in what the state calls core 鈥渟uitable habitat鈥 areas. In all, the state will allow for up to 22 bears to be taken, although most of those will not come from the core area near Yellowstone, but from a broader zone around the park that the state deems as less suitable habitat for bears and where it says they come into more conflict with humans. The season will run from September 15 to November 15. (It starts two weeks earlier in the less suitable habitat.)
In the core grizzly hunting area, the hunt there ends as soon as ten males bears聽or the first female is shot. When his turn comes, Mangelsen says he鈥檒l be out there with his long lens. 鈥淭he hope would be that we would save a bear or two, and maybe even three or four,鈥 he says, believing that others, still unknown, might have tags and may have similar plans not to hunt. Only he and Mayor have made their plans public so far, and for that Mangelsen says he has received a death threat.
The federal government removed greater Yellowstone鈥檚 grizzlies from the endangered , saying the population had sufficiently recovered. Idaho and Wyoming soon made plans to start a grizzly hunt. (Montana is still considering a hunt but decided against starting it this year.) Renny MacKay, a spokesperson for the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, says the state is holding a hunt because the population has recovered, that it is possible to hold a hunt without hurting their numbers, and, lastly, because hunters want one. But obviously not everyone in the community does.
Killing a bear isn鈥檛 just killing one bear, Mangelsen says. He mentions a much-photographed grizzly in the Grand Teton area called Bear 399鈥斺渢he most famous bear who ever lived,鈥 in Mangelsen鈥檚 words鈥攚ho has had 17 or 18 offspring.
Wyoming isn鈥檛 the only place where activists have experimented with this type of protest. British Columbia, which until recently held a grizzly hunt, wrestled with its own controversy over shooting the bears, and among opponents there was a movement to 鈥渟wamp the lottery,鈥 says Kyle Artelle, a biologist at the Raincoast Conservation Foundation and a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Victoria. Some ecotourism lodges offered to host bear-viewing trips for those who won a tag and didn鈥檛 want to hunt with it, Artelle says.
But blocking one bear from dying isn鈥檛 a useful protest, argues Sy Gilliland, vice president of the Wyoming Outfitters and Guides Association. If the quota of bears killed isn鈥檛 reached this year, the state will simply increase the number of bears that can be taken in following years, he says. Indeed that's what might have happed in British Columbia. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 understand why some organizations are willing to have this bear run at a level that is way larger than its carrying capacity, to the detriment of its species.鈥
The protest, according to Gilliland, is 鈥渏ust grandstanding, without any benefit for the wildlife.鈥
Aside from temporarily protecting individual bears, the Wyoming protest might prove more effective in other ways. One is by drawing attention to the issue. 鈥淚t鈥檚 probably already effective down there, based on the fact that it鈥檚 all over the press,鈥 Artelle says. (It didn鈥檛 hurt that for the lottery.)
We want our wildlife on the landscape.
In turn, protesters hope the public attention translates into public outrage. One factor that finally turned the tide in British Columbia against grizzly hunting was public opposition to a trophy hunt, 鈥渨hich is qualitatively different than a hunt for subsistence,鈥 or meat, Artelle says. Surveys of the B.C. public eventually showed opposition running in the 90 percent range against grizzly hunting, he says. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 just unheard of. We don鈥檛 agree on anything that much up here in B.C.鈥 Then, late last year, the province the hunting of grizzlies.
Ironically, what Mangelsen believes would galvanize public opinion against the grizzly hunt in the United States wouldn鈥檛 be done by a protester at all: the shooting of Bear 399. 鈥淩emember Cecil the Lion?鈥 he says. 鈥淐ecil鈥檚 killing would be child鈥檚 play compared to the number of people who would be outraged.鈥
The protesters hope their efforts will also help jump-start a conversation that鈥檚 larger than grizzly bears and more about how the state manages its animals. 鈥淎t first [our effort] was perceived as sabotage. It鈥檚 not sabotage,鈥 says Lisa Roberson, a 28-year resident of Jackson, Wyoming, who is a member of the grizzly protest campaign. Hunting licenses often provide the majority of funding for wildlife programs, which gives hunters a disproportionate voice, she says. But that doesn鈥檛 capture all the people who value wildlife for different reasons than killing them. Hunting is on the decline, even as wildlife tourism continues double-digit increases, Robertson says. And yet, nonhunters have never really been welcome into wildlife management conversations, she says.
鈥淲e want our wildlife on the landscape,鈥 Robertson says.
It鈥檚 unclear how much traction this argument will get in Wyoming. Both the outfitters鈥 association and the state game and fish agency point out that nearly $50 million was spent on grizzly recovery over the past few decades. That money came from sportsmen鈥檚 licenses and taxes on outdoor gear. Today, people can photograph grizzlies 鈥渨hile not contributing to the state鈥檚 efforts,鈥 says MacKay of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department.
鈥淭hat鈥檚 bullshit,鈥 Mangelsen counters. Tourists pump much more than that into Wyoming each year when they come to see wildlife, he says. Wildlife watching is a $365 million industry in Wyoming, according to from the University of Wyoming. That amount makes it nearly equivalent to all spending by both hunters and fishermen in the state each year.
It is yet possible that much of these efforts could be moot. At the end of the month, a federal judge will hold a hearing in a Montana courtroom as part of an ongoing lawsuit brought by environmental groups. For all the hopes for the grizzly protest, it is a judge who may have the final word on the animals鈥 fate.