In late May 2017, McKayla Bower was ski-touring alone on the Pacific Crest Trail when she started to feel a little spooked. She paused to assess the stability of the Sierra snowpack, which was at a record high, and didn鈥檛 like what she saw鈥攄ense, heavy snow sitting atop a layer of powdery facets.

As Bower turned to retreat, the ground fell out from under her. The avalanche ran several hundred feet down a slope toward a 20-foot drop, carrying Bower with it. The next thing she knew, she was lying dazed on the ground. The impact had snapped her ski pole, but miraculously she had no serious injuries.

鈥淚 had this feeling of, I did everything right and this still happens?鈥� Bower says. 鈥淵ou never know when the thing that is going to wipe you out might happen.鈥�

The brush with mortality made Bower think harder about her long-postponed decision to come out as transgender, which she did shortly after returning from the trek. 鈥淭he thing that felt like the real risk was coming out and losing all my friends,鈥� she says. 鈥淏ut I don鈥檛 think I lost a single one.鈥�

Bower, now 31, says that going public with her identity鈥攁nd then starting hormone therapy鈥攚as the best decision of her life, empowering her to undertake even bigger adventures. This fall she鈥檒l embark on her most ambitious journey yet, an east-to-west solo sailboat circumnavigation of the globe beginning in Panama City. The number of successful solo trips around the world is thought to be in the low hundreds, fewer than the number of people who have gone to space, though there鈥檚 no comprehensive record. If Bower succeeds, she鈥檒l be the first known LGBTQ+ person to have completed the voyage alone.

鈥淢y biggest hope is that tons of people will learn about this and feel more confident,鈥� Bower says. 鈥淚 want people to see what happens when they are authentic and real.鈥�

Bower is setting sail at a time when trans issues continue to be hotly debated across the United States. The American Civil Liberties Union has identified 491 anti-LGBTQ+ bills at various levels of government, and Arkansas governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders recently signed a bill banning trans people from using school bathrooms that don鈥檛 match the gender shown on their birth certificates.

鈥淭he right has turned transgender people into a villain, a bogeyman,鈥� says trans sailor and activist Sabreena Lachlainn, who called off her own planned solo circumnavigation in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. For her part, Bower says that most of what she鈥檚 heard has been supportive, but that some of the usual hate has already come her way. 鈥淥ne comment I got on Reddit said my energy would be better spent killing myself,鈥� she says. Lachlainn, who knows the politics of all this as well as anybody, says, 鈥淚 want to hug McKayla at the finish line, because her journey is so important for our community.鈥�

Meanwhile, the realm of sports and adventure has also become contested terrain for trans athletes. Last year, swimming鈥檚 international governing body from competing in women鈥檚 events. In February, after the World Surf League announced that trans women surfers could compete if they maintained sufficiently low testosterone levels, surfing star said that she鈥檇 refuse to participate in WSL events if it upheld the policy. In March, World Athletics, which governs track and field, on trans athletes competing in elite women鈥檚 races.

To reach Panama from her home in Washington鈥檚 San Juan Islands, Bower will have to sail her 30-foot-long 1977 San Juan Class custom cutter rig, Swirl, for roughly 5,000 miles. To prepare, she spent $35,000 retrofitting the 厂飞颈谤濒鈥�s interior, doing the carpentry and fiberglass work herself. She plans to sail on a meager budget, funding the trip with earnings from various jobs, including a stint at a bookstore, along with a few sponsorships from private businesses, personal donations, and the $400 a month she receives from her Patreon account.

From Panama City, which is nine degrees north of the equator, she鈥檒l set a westerly course toward French Polynesia. 鈥淭he easiest circumnavigation you can do is around ten degrees north or south of the equator, because that鈥檚 where the trade winds are,鈥� Bower says. From there she鈥檒l head for Indonesia, cross the South Indian Ocean to Mauritius, sail to South Africa, traverse the Atlantic to the Caribbean, and, finally, head back to Panama. She estimates that the total length of her voyage鈥攊ncluding the trips from the Pacific Northwest to Panama and back鈥攚ill be somewhere between 35,000 and 40,000 miles. She expects the circumnavigation to take 15 to 17 months.

A lot can go wrong during such a long journey. Climate change has intensified storms and made them harder to predict, and Bower will be racing to beat hurricane season when she reaches the Caribbean. Solo sailing is rife with tragedy: Guo Chan, an accomplished Chinese sailor, vanished in 2016 while trying to set a new speed record for a solo crossing of the Pacific. Susie Goodall made international headlines in 2018 when she was rescued after a storm in the Southern Ocean severely damaged her boat during the nonstop Golden Globe race around the world. While attempting a solo journey from California to Hawaii in 2020, Paralympic rower Angela Madsen died in the central Pacific while performing routine maintenance on her boat.

To prepare, Bower has sailed approximately 5,000 miles over the past three years, much of it in the mercurial waters of the San Juans, where hazards can include large trees known as deadheads that lurk below the surface. 鈥淢cKayla鈥檚 been doing her homework,鈥� says Karl Kr眉ger, an adventurer who lives at anchor in the San Juans, leads boat charters, and traveled 420 miles of the Northwest Passage on a solo stand-up paddleboard journey in 2022. 鈥淪he鈥檚 been working at it, and she鈥檚 been spending time alone on that boat, sailing around these waters that can certainly dish it up.鈥�

There isn鈥檛 much prep work Bower can do for her biggest concern: the way she鈥檒l be welcomed鈥攐r not鈥攊n countries openly hostile to LGBTQ+ people. While some governments have adopted more progressive laws in recent years, the Human Dignity Trust, a London-based charity that provides legal assistance to LGBTQ+ activists, maintains an online map of countries with restrictive policies. It reports nearly 70 governments around the world that 鈥渃riminalise [LGBTQ+ people,] fuelling stigma, legitimising prejudice and encouraging violence.鈥� During her circumnavigation, Bower will stop to resupply for food and water, forcing her to deal with customs and immigration. 鈥淛akarta scares me, as a visibly queer person,鈥� Bower says. In 2022, Indonesia passed a new criminal code that includes an adultery ban, which according to Human Rights Watch could be used as an excuse to step up harassment of LGBTQ+ people in a place where gay marriage is illegal.

Bower says that her route leaves her no choice but to stop in Indonesia. 鈥淢y other option would be Malaysia, which is worse,鈥� she says. As of late April, she was still trying to figure out the best place for reprovisioning in the Caribbean. 鈥淢ost Caribbean countries don鈥檛 have very friendly queer legislation,鈥� she says.

Her parents share her concerns. 鈥淚 am at least as nervous about how she will be accepted as she does this journey and interacts with people around the world as I am about the physical risk,鈥� says her father, Jay Bower, who works as an environmental engineer in Washington. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 know which is more harrowing.鈥�

But Bower says she plans to 鈥渇ly under the radar鈥� as much as feasible during the global voyage. 鈥淲hile I am very publicly out in the U.S., I am not showing up in other countries flying my rainbow flag,鈥� she says. And she refuses to dwell on potential hassles and dangers. 鈥淎n unfortunate part of being in this queer and trans community is that we almost have to accept that there are places in the world that kind of hate us,鈥� she says. 鈥淎nd I refuse to let that be something that stops me from going on a trip like this. We can鈥檛 let our fears control us, right?鈥�

Daniel White () is the author of , a memoir about hiking the Pacific Crest Trail.

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The Pacific Crest Trail doles out hazards in cruel ways. Thousands of hikers on the 2,650-mile trek face perils including rattlesnakes, exposure, corneal flash burns from snow glare, and heatstroke. But 2017 is shaping up to be one of the most frightening years in the national scenic trail鈥檚 history, thanks to the 聽combined with聽the trail鈥檚 unprecedented popularity.

Just a couple of months into hiking season, thru-hikers are posting stories of near-death experiences.听

, spokesman for the , is fielding calls and hearing stories 鈥渆very week, if not every day鈥� involving avalanches, falls on slippery slopes, exposure, and dunkings in chin-high creeks. 鈥淭here was a pretty serious incident in which a hiker fell and punctured a lung,鈥� he says.听

national park staffers contacted Haskel about several recent medical evacuations by helicopter. One involved a hiker who fell near Forester Pass, the trail鈥檚 highest point, at 13,153 feet. In early June, Haskel issued a bluntly worded message on a 16,000-member Facebook page for PCT hikers. 鈥淚鈥檓 worried that someone will die,鈥� he wrote. 鈥淚t鈥檚 no joke鈥o you have the fitness and skills to do this type of stuff safely?鈥�

PCT thru-hikers usually begin聽from the southern terminus in Campo, California, near the Mexican border in late April or early May. This means that the first hikers have already聽breached the southern end of the Sierra Nevada, where winter snowfall, in certain high elevation spots, reached record highs: the , according to . California desperately needed that precipitation after an , but the same conditions have brought out the nasty and unpredictable side of the PCT.听

Record snowpack was reported at Sonora Pass, lower Carson Pass, and other high-elevation spots on or close to the PCT, according to Jeff Anderson, staff hydrologist for the snow survey department of the in Reno, Nevada. In June, Anderson and his team measured 180 inches of snow at at 9,600 feet, just east of the Sierra crest. 鈥淕iven this rate, it is likely that this area will not be snow-free for fifty to a hundred more days,鈥� he says.

In late May, thru-hiker and experienced mountaineer , a 25-year-old volcano climbing guide from Seattle, was walking near snowbound Glen Pass when he started checking for avalanche conditions. Suddenly, a large shelf of snow gave way and started sliding down, with Bower still standing on it.听

聽鈥淟ooking up, I could see the rocks on the other side of the valley were quickly moving by,鈥� Bower recalled. 鈥淚 knew I was in an avalanche. All I could do was try to stay upright and in control.鈥� 聽Bower slid 400 feet down the slope and fell down a 20-foot vertical drop. 鈥淚鈥檓 lucky it wasn鈥檛 200 feet,鈥� he said.听Bower escaped without broken bones, though he was treated for dehydration and sunburn at a hospital in Fresno, but the near misses are piling up.听

Near the end of May, an Australian hiker whose trail name is while attempting to ford Bear Creek near Selden Pass in the High Sierra. He tumbled and rolled in the water before swimming to shore, according to a .

About a thousand miles into his hike, long-distance hiker Marcus Mazzaferri fell on a loose rock in a Yosemite creek, was swept into the current, and lost his pack in the water. 鈥淗e was out by himself with no equipment and spent a night out,鈥� Haskel says. 鈥淗e was following his footprints back to the nearest road. It is a deeply concerning story.鈥� , Mazzaferri described 鈥渟ub-freezing temps鈥� and doing jumping jacks and running around in circles to keep from freezing. 聽Understandably, he bailed out of the trail after making his way to safety. 鈥淚 am truly lucky and grateful to be alive,鈥� he wrote.听

It might not be such a problem if there weren't so many people on the trail. In the early 1990s, only 30 or so people completed the route every year. Compare that to last year, when the Pacific Crest Trail Association issued long-distance permits to 3,164 northbound long-distance hikers. (About 700 finished the trail.) The PCTA will not release the number of current thru-hikers until the end of this year, 鈥渂ut I would say the numbers are pretty similar to last year,鈥� Haskel says.听

Some thru-hikers have attempted a 鈥渇lip-flop鈥� approach, which means breaking up the trail into strategic chunks rather than sticking to a continuous聽hike. Flip-flopping was no option for Brandon Toftner, a 28-year-old electrician from Columbus, Ohio, who vowed to take on a south-north through-hike no matter what. In late May, he was making his slow way up a steep ridge near Cottonwood Pass. Crampons didn鈥檛 help. One little slip sent him sliding 100 feet down a steep slope. Toftner self-arrested with his ice axe, a mere 10 feet away from the trees. 鈥淚t scared me,鈥� he said. 鈥淚 would have been dead or have about a thousand broken bones.鈥�

After getting off the trail at Kearsarge Pass above Lone Pine, Toftner decided to take a brief respite, but vowed to return soon. He said his experience in the United States Marine Corps from 2008 to 2012, with two deployments to Afghanistan, made him ready for anything the PCT might dish out. 鈥淚t was all about completing a mission no matter what,鈥� he explained.听

But Toftner changed his mind. In the end, he bailed out and booked a trip to a place that he thought would give him far less trouble than the PCT鈥攖he grizzly-populated wilderness of .听

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